Dental Extractions And Radiographs Go Hand In Hand

Teeth extractions are performed when a patient has an obvious or underlying periodontal disease with bone loss, gingivitis, or pathology where extraction of the affected teeth will improve and benefit the overall health of the patient.

Extractions are performed to remove diseased and infected teeth, broken and retained tooth roots, supernumerary teeth, as well as various other conditions including stomatitis, and are also performed on pets with healthy teeth where there is an anatomical anomaly such as malocclusion and crowding causing damage to surrounding structures.

Decrease your dental extraction stress: with dental radiographs

Extractions are performed at any age in the dog and cat.

For some animals, tooth extraction is the only option to resolve oral problems. The extraction of the tooth is only part of the treatment.

Eliminating the disease in the tissue and the bone is important to the proper healing of tooth extraction sites, and includes curetting the alveolus after extraction, and proper closure of the surgical site.


Dental extractions can be either surgical or nonsurgical in nature. In both cases, the extraction site should be sutured to prevent infection, pain, and complications.

Nonsurgical extractions can be performed on patients with severe gingivitis or advanced periodontal disease, where the teeth are mobile and often easily extracted, but do not need actual drilling of the alveolar bone to extract the tooth and root.

Teeth extractions should be performed by licensed veterinarians who are very familiar with dental and craniofacial anatomy, particularly blood supply, and who have appropriate tools, skills and training.

Tooth fractures, eye injuries, oronasal fistulas, injury to the salivary duct, misplacement of root fragments into the sinus cavity or into the mandibular canal, leaving retained roots, traumatic bleeding and jaw fractures are complications associated with dental extractions.

Teeth with fractured roots must be surgically extracted, or a root tip will be left behind. Patience is important when performing extractions and flaps, and intra-oral anesthesia is important for pain management.

Before beginning a dental with extractions, intraoral x-rays should be the first step in every dental procedure to better understand each case. For instance, there may be curved tooth roots that if known ahead of time, will help facilitate extraction.

Furthermore, dental x-rays are used after extractions to verify the extractions were complete and that the operator did not inadvertently cause injury to surrounding teeth and structures.

Dental x-rays before and after extractions are an important tool in diagnosing problems, as well as helping determine an appropriate and effective treatment plan in dental patients.

Dental x-rays are taken to confirm that the entire tooth has been extracted, as well as help ensure no root or bone fragments are left behind in the alveolus.

The first step to proper tooth extraction is to have high quality, sanitized sharp dental instruments. A dull instrument can damage the surrounding bone while attempting to break down the periodontal ligament.

An important aspect of extraction is to gently twist and hold around the perimeter of the tooth root, thus allowing the operator to easily elevate and complete the extraction.  

Sectioning multirooted teeth with a high-quality high-speed drill with the appropriate burr, will facilitate effective extraction and lessen damage to surrounding areas.

Keeping the fingertip close to the end of the elevator prevents inadvertent trauma from accidentally running the elevator into surrounding structures.

Surgical flaps should be implemented to allow access to the alveolar bone, then the high-speed drill used to expose the roots.

The gingival flaps and surrounding soft tissues should be handled carefully as they are used to close the extraction site and prevent debris from getting into the site, as well as alleviate pain for the patient.

Once the roots are exposed and removed, the socket is cleaned free of debris, and the flap closed. Occasionally a flap may break down for various reasons, necessitating the need for second intention healing.

How do dental x-rays help with difficult extractions?

In summary, early dental examination in dogs and cats is important. Intraoral x-rays will help establish a treatment plan to ensure optimal dental health in dogs and cats. Extractions should be carefully performed by a skilled operator with advanced training and knowledge in craniofacial anatomy to avoid injury, and intraoral x-rays before and after a dental with extractions should always be performed.

Lastly, gingival flaps to close extraction sites are important for optimal healing and comfort to the patient.

Written by: Dr. Tammy Powell, DVM